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The primary role of the Network Layer is to handle packet forwarding which includes the routing of data. Some of the most well-known examples of the Transport Layer include the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP). Once the Transport Layer has effectively managed and error-checked the data packets, the data is passed either to or from the Network Layer. Such factors include the data packet’s size, sequencing, speed, and destination. It helps regulate various elements involved in data transmission between end systems and hosts. The Transport Layer is responsible for coordinating data transfer across network connections. The Session Layer is also responsible for authentication and reconnection in the case that a network interruption occurs. In addition to setting up a session, the resulting connection between the machines is also managed and terminated once the session ends at Layer 5. Once the session has been formed, the data is then passed either to or from the Transport Layer. The Session Layer is responsible for creating a session or connection that allows two devices, computers, or servers to communicate with one another.

Depending on whether the data is being transmitted or received, the processed data is then either passed to, or rather, “presented” to the session layer or application layer. The Presentation Layer may also transmit data from network format to application format. In this case, syntax processing typically involves converting data from the top layer (which is in application format) into network format based on the syntax that the application accepts. The services provided by each of these applications permit the application layer to supply and receive data from the Presentation layer.Īlso referred to as the Syntax Layer, The Presentation Layer is responsible for performing syntax processing. As such, it is the most widely recognized OSI layer by end-users.Įxamples of Layer 7 applications include web browsers such as Google Chrome or Firefox, as well as apps such as Office, Outlook, and Skype. The majority of end-users interact directly with applications that work at Layer 7. The top layer of an OSI model (layer seven) is the application layer that delivers network services or protocols that comply with an end-user’s data to the end-user. To improve your understanding of the OSI model, consult this guide on the OSI model layers explained. Having a good understanding of the OSI model can help narrow down the source of networking issues, develop applications, and better understand which networking products work with which layers. Such layers provide a visual representation of what happens within a networking system. In order from seven to one, the layers are as follows: application, presentation, session, transport, network, data link, and physical. An OSI model consists of seven different layers which are typically described from the top to bottom. It is a conceptual framework that describes the different functions of a networking or telecommunication system and outlines how applications communicate throughout a network. OSI stands for open systems interconnection.